At the time of writing this article ARM-based microcontroller means the microcontroller which uses a 32-bit RISC processor design from ARM holdings.
Presently ARM Cortex-M series of processor cores are being integrated into microcontrollers.
The ARM-Cortex M family comprises the following processors.
- Cortex-M0
- Cortex-M0+
- Cortex-M1
- Cortex-M3
- Cortex-M4
- Cortex-M7
- Cortex-M23
- Cortex-M33
- Cortex-M35P
- Cortex-M55
The Cortex-M4 / M7 / M33 / M35P / M55 cores also have a hardware-based floating-point unit. The addition of a Floating point unit adds the capabilities for digital signal processing.
To see a list of ARM-based microcontrollers.
Keil.com has a great list that has almost all the major microcontrollers out in the market and is supported by the Keil IDE.
https://www.keil.com/dd/chips//arm.htm