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8-bit Microcontrollers

As the world is progressing, there is a need to upgrade our product and the 8-bit microcontroller are lagging behind. As the demands are now highly computational. So the 8-bit microcontrollers are lagging. But if you do not have high computational work then these controllers are just what needed. They are built upon so many years of trials and error. There is very little chance that if something is designed properly and working in your lab, that it will work in the external world.

Almost all the manufacturers make these controllers. The price range varies from low cost to high cost.

Atmel(now Microchip) atmega16/16a/32/32a microcontroller is small low cost and low power yet it is sufficient for beginners. They have wide support on the internet.

Well there are a lot of catch with these microcontrollers. Different version of same microcontroller some time differs in functionality. So always check the date code with these microcontrollers.

What I like about these microcontrollers is the fact that they are dirt cheap. And you can easily work with them as if you forget the current limits they will but there are plenty available at affordable rate.

Most 8-bit microcontroller are pretty rugged they can tolerate a wide range of current, temperature and pressure.

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Selecting the Microcontroller

There are different microcontroller offered by various companies. There are various parameters that go into selection of microcontroller. This process is very long and very tedious as you have to consider for future expansion of project. A good textbook will easily get you all these information.

8 bit data bus microcontrollers:

Atmel (now Microchip) Atmega series of microcontroller offers a good mix of peripherals and has large community base support widely available on the internet.

Microchips PIC16 series is a bit stable in long term and they have a very small assembly instruction set of 35 instructions.

32 bit data bus microcontroller:

ST has a wide offering of microcontroller. It is a bit overwhelming at first but they all have processor based on ARM cortex M0/M1/M3/M4.

Texas Instrument also offers ARM based microcontroller. But there development kit is expensive for the beginner.

Espressif Systems has various SOC but, the esp8266ex and esp32 are very popular with hobby community as they also incorporates a WiFi and BLE at a very attractive price point.

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Types of Embedded System

There are two types of embedded system

  1. Real-Time Embedded System
    They are further classified into two types:
    1. Operating system based
      These are the systems that use the operating system for task scheduling.
    2. Non-Operating System
      These are the system that does not use the operating system for task scheduling. They have one specific task to perform.
  2. Non-Real-Time Embedded System
    These are the system which does not have time constraints.

Real-Time Embedded System may be further classified into following categories

  1. Hard real-time system
    These are the system which has a very strict time constraint.
    Failing the time constraint will be a catastrophic failure.
  2. Soft Real-time system
    These are the system which have a time constraint. But failing the time constraint does not result in catastrophic failure.

Example of Hard Real-Time system:
Anti Barking System in vehicles, Fuel Injection Timing Controller in Vehicles and Collision detection and avoidance controller in railways.

Example of Soft Real-Time system:
Consumer personal computer, Television, DVD player, Remote Control etc.