Category: Python Programming Language

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How to install and also uninstall python packages using PIP

Python’s functionality can be extended with scripts that are made to do different tasks. They are sometimes super easy to work with and can perform a myriad of tasks with just a few lines of code.

You can browse through many packages here: https://pypi.org/

to install these packages you need to have python software already installed in your computer.

Open Command Prompt

syntax for installing a package using PIP

pip install your-package-name-here

And let’s say you want to work with UART or serial data. You can install pyserial.

pip install pyserial

after your work is done you can also remove or uninstall the package using

pip uninstall pyserial
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How to make an Alarm Clock using Tkinter and Python

To make the python code into an executable. I followed this guide How to make a python script into an executable file.

Python Code

from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk
import time

timeVar = time.localtime()
#time.struct_time(tm_year=2022, tm_mon=12, tm_mday=3,
#tm_hour=13, tm_min=3, tm_sec=45, tm_wday=5, tm_yday=337, tm_isdst=0)

#print(timeVar.tm_sec)

root = Tk()

root.title("Time Display")
hourVar = StringVar()
minVar = StringVar()
secVar = StringVar()

Ahour = StringVar()
Amin = StringVar()
Asec = StringVar()
AsetTimeHour = StringVar()
AsetTimeMin = StringVar()
AsetTimeSec = StringVar()

frame = ttk.Frame(root)
frame.grid()

frame11 = ttk.Frame(root, padding = 10)
frame11.grid(column = 1,row=0)

s = ttk.Style()
s.theme_use("alt")

def update():
    global timeVar
        #while(1):
    timeVar = time.localtime()
    hourVar.set(str(timeVar.tm_hour))
    minVar.set(str(timeVar.tm_min))
    #minVar.set(str(59))
    secVar.set(str(timeVar.tm_sec))
    if ( (hourVar.get() == Ahour.get()) and (minVar.get() == Amin.get()) and (secVar.get() == Asec.get()) ):
        alarmWin = Toplevel(root)
        root.bell()
        alarmWin.title("Alarm")
        
        #alarmWin.geometry("200x100")
        s.configure("Aframe.TFrame", background = "cyan")
        Aframe = ttk.Frame(alarmWin, style ="Aframe.TFrame" ,padding = 100)
        #Aframe.configure(background = "cyan")
        Aframe.grid()
        
        ttk.Label(Aframe, text = "Alarm ").grid(column=2,row=0,sticky = (W,E))
        ttk.Button(Aframe, text="QUIT", command = alarmWin.destroy).grid(column=0, row=10)
        #root.update()
        #time.sleep(1)
    root.after(1000,update)
        


def alarmset():
    
    childWin = Toplevel(root)
    childWin.title("Alarm Set")
    frame1 = ttk.Frame(childWin)
    frame1.grid()
    ttk.Label(frame1, text = "Hour").grid(column=2,row=0,ipadx = 20,ipady=10)
    ttk.Entry(frame1,textvariable = AsetTimeHour).grid(column=2,row=1)
    ttk.Label(frame1, text = "Min").grid(column=3,row=0)
    ttk.Entry(frame1,textvariable = AsetTimeMin).grid(column=3,row=1)
    ttk.Label(frame1, text = "Sec").grid(column=4,row=0)
    ttk.Entry(frame1,textvariable = AsetTimeSec).grid(column=4,row=1)
    def Aset():
        try:
            xyz = AsetTimeHour.get()
            Ahour.set(str(int(AsetTimeHour.get())))
        except:
            Ahour.set("")
        try:
            Amin.set(str(int(AsetTimeMin.get())))
        except:
            Amin.set("")
        try:
            Asec.set(str(int(AsetTimeSec.get())))
        except:
            Asec.set("")
        #root1.destroy()
    
    ttk.Button(frame1, text="QUIT", command = childWin.destroy).grid(column=0, row=10)
    ttk.Button(frame1, text="Set", command = Aset).grid(column=1, row=10)
    
def alarmset15sec():
    global timeVar
    #timeVar.tm_min = 58
    x = int((timeVar.tm_sec + 15) if (timeVar.tm_sec + 15) <= 59 else (timeVar.tm_sec + 15)-60 )
    y= 0
    z = 0
    if x < 15:
        y = int((timeVar.tm_min + 1) if (timeVar.tm_min + 1) <= 59 else (timeVar.tm_min + 1)-60 )
        #y = ((int(minVar.get()) + 1) if (int(minVar.get()) + 1) <= 59 else int(minVar.get()) + 1 - 60)
        z = int((timeVar.tm_hour ))
        if y < 1:
            z = int((timeVar.tm_hour + 1) if (timeVar.tm_hour + 1) <= 23 else (timeVar.tm_hour + 15)-24 )
        try:
            Amin.set(str(y))
        except:
            Amin.set("")
        try:
            Asec.set(str(x))
        except:
            Asec.set("")
        try:
            Ahour.set(str(z))
        except:
            Ahour.set("")
            
    if x >= 15:
        y = int((timeVar.tm_min ))
        z = int((timeVar.tm_hour ))
        try:
            Amin.set(str(y))
        except:
            Amin.set("")
        try:
            Asec.set(str(x))
        except:
            Asec.set("")
        try:
            Ahour.set(str(z))
        except:
            Ahour.set("")
   
    
    
    

        
s.configure("timelabel.TLabel", font="Arial 24", padding = 20)
hourLabel = ttk.Label(frame, textvariable = hourVar, style = "timelabel.TLabel")
hourLabel.grid(column=1, row = 1,sticky = (E))
ttk.Label(frame,text = " : ", style = "timelabel.TLabel").grid(column=2,row=1)
minLabel = ttk.Label(frame,textvariable = minVar, style = "timelabel.TLabel")
minLabel.grid(column=3, row = 1,sticky = (E))
ttk.Label(frame,text = " : ", style = "timelabel.TLabel").grid(column=4,row=1)
secLabel = ttk.Label(frame, textvariable = secVar, style = "timelabel.TLabel")
secLabel.grid(column=5, row = 1,sticky = (E))

ttk.Label(frame11, text = "Alarm Time").grid(column=1,row=0)
ttk.Label(frame11, text = "Hour").grid(column=1,row=2)
ttk.Label(frame11, textvariable= Ahour).grid(column=1,row=3)

ttk.Label(frame11,text = " : ").grid(column=2,row=3)

ttk.Label(frame11, text = "Min").grid(column=3,row=2)
ttk.Label(frame11, textvariable= Amin).grid(column=3,row=3)

ttk.Label(frame11,text = " : ").grid(column=4,row=3)

ttk.Label(frame11, text = "Sec").grid(column=5,row=2)
ttk.Label(frame11, textvariable= Asec).grid(column=5,row=3)

ttk.Button(frame, text="Quit", command=root.destroy).grid(column=1, row=10)
ttk.Button(frame, text="Alarm Set", command = alarmset).grid(column=2, row=10)
ttk.Button(frame, text="Alarm Set 15 sec", command = alarmset15sec).grid(column=3, row=10)
update()
root.mainloop()
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How to make a python script into an executable file

To run a python script. You have to open python in either the command prompt or its IDLE.

We can make use of pyinstaller module. Which will take your script and add all the dependencies and create a standalone executable file which you can use just like any other software.

To install pyinstaller

open your command prompt and execute the following code

pip install pyinstaller

This will install pyinstaller .

After doing it. Browse into your script folder.

pyinstaller --onefile your-python-script.py

If you run the above line it will create a self containing executable file.

You can also have a directory in which all the dependency files are placed along with the executable file. 

pyinstaller --onedir your-python-script.py

If you do want to have a console.

pyinstaller --onefile --noconsole your-python-script.py

If you want your executable file to have a custom icon. You can put a icon file in the same directory along with your Python script. 

pyinstaller --onefile --noconsole -i "icon.ico" your-python-script.py
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How to make a calculator in Python using Tkinter module

Enter Expression
Evaluating Expression when Equal button is pressed

Python Code

from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk
expression = ""
def btn_entry(num):
    global expression
    expression = expression + str(num)
    equation.set(expression)

def exp_eval():
    try:            
        global expression
        expression = str(eval(expression))
        equation.set(expression)
    except ZeroDivisionError:
        print(expression)
        equation.set("Division by Zero Error ")
        expression = ""
        
def exp_clear():
    global expression
    expression = ""
    equation.set(expression)
    
sc = Tk()
sc.title("Calculator")

sc.geometry("480x280")
sc.configure(background ="white")

s = ttk.Style()
print(s.theme_use())
s.theme_use("alt")
#s.theme_use("default")

mainframe = ttk.Frame(sc)

#Resize window
for x in range(10):
    sc.columnconfigure(x,weight=x)
    sc.rowconfigure(x,weight=x)

equation = StringVar()
s.configure("keys.TButton",font="Arial 16")
key_1 = ttk.Button(sc,style = "keys.TButton",width = 10, text="1", command=lambda:btn_entry(1))
key_1.grid(column=0,row=1, sticky =(E))
key_2 = ttk.Button(sc,style = "keys.TButton",width = 10, text="2", command=lambda:btn_entry(2))
key_2.grid(column=1,row=1, sticky =(E))
key_3 = ttk.Button(sc,style = "keys.TButton",width = 10, text="3", command=lambda:btn_entry(3))
key_3.grid(column=2,row=1, sticky =(E))
key_4 = ttk.Button(sc,style = "keys.TButton",width = 10, text="4", command=lambda:btn_entry(4))
key_4.grid(column=0,row=2, sticky =(E))
key_5 = ttk.Button(sc,style = "keys.TButton",width = 10, text="5", command=lambda:btn_entry(5))
key_5.grid(column=1,row=2, sticky =(E))
key_6 = ttk.Button(sc,style = "keys.TButton",width = 10, text="6", command=lambda:btn_entry(6))
key_6.grid(column=2,row=2, sticky =(E))
key_7 = ttk.Button(sc,style = "keys.TButton",width = 10, text="7", command=lambda:btn_entry(7))
key_7.grid(column=0,row=3, sticky =(E))
key_8 = ttk.Button(sc,style = "keys.TButton",width = 10, text="8", command=lambda:btn_entry(8))
key_8.grid(column=1,row=3, sticky =(E))
key_9 = ttk.Button(sc,style = "keys.TButton",width = 10, text="9", command=lambda:btn_entry(9))
key_9.grid(column=2,row=3, sticky =(E))
key_0 = ttk.Button(sc,style = "keys.TButton",width = 10, text="0", command=lambda:btn_entry(0))
key_0.grid(column=1,row=4, sticky =(E))
key_dec = ttk.Button(sc,style = "keys.TButton",width = 10, text=".", command=lambda:btn_entry("."))
key_dec.grid(column=0,row=4, sticky =(E))

key_add = ttk.Button(sc,style = "keys.TButton",width = 10, text="+", command=lambda:btn_entry("+"))
key_add.grid(column=3,row=1, sticky =(N))
key_sub = ttk.Button(sc,style = "keys.TButton",width = 10, text="-", command=lambda:btn_entry("-"))
key_sub.grid(column=3,row=2, sticky =(N))
key_mul = ttk.Button(sc,style = "keys.TButton",width = 10, text="*", command=lambda:btn_entry("*"))
key_mul.grid(column=3,row=3, sticky =(N))
key_div = ttk.Button(sc,style = "keys.TButton",width = 10, text="/", command=lambda:btn_entry("/"))
key_div.grid(column=3,row=4, sticky =(N))

s.configure('equal.TButton',background='light green' ,font="Arial 16", embossed = 1)
key_equal = ttk.Button(sc,style = "equal.TButton", text="=",width = 30, command=lambda:exp_eval())
key_equal.grid(column=1,row=5,columnspan=3, sticky=(W))

s.configure('clear.TButton',background='pink' ,font="Arial 16", embossed = 1)
key_clr = ttk.Button(sc, text="CLEAR", style="clear.TButton",width = 10, command=lambda:exp_clear())
key_clr.grid(column=0,row=5, sticky =(E))

s.configure("display.TLabel",background ='yellow' ,padding =20 ,font = "Arial 24")
exp_display = ttk.Label(sc, textvariable = equation, style = "display.TLabel")
exp_display.grid(column=0,columnspan =3,row = 0,sticky=(S,E))
exp_display.columnconfigure(1,weight = 2)


sc.mainloop()
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How to make an analog clock using Python Turtle Graphics – 3

Python Code

import turtle
from datetime import datetime

screen1 = turtle.Screen()
screen1.setup(500,500,0,0)
screen1.screensize(480,480, bg="#c0c0c0")
screen1.tracer(0)

don = turtle.Turtle()
#don.speed("fastest")
don.width(1)
don.hideturtle()

def draw_square(startx, starty, length):
    don.penup()
    don.home()
    don.goto(startx, starty)
    don.pendown()
    for side in range(4):
        don.forward(length)
        don.right(90)
    don.penup()

def draw_hand(length,rot):
    don.penup()
    don.home()
    don.pendown();
    don.right(1*rot+90*3)
    don.forward(length)
    don.penup()
    don.home()
    
def print_time(hou,minu,sec):
    don.penup()
    don.goto(-180,-190);
    don.pendown()
    data = str(hou)+" : "+str(minu)+" : "+str(sec)
    don.color("white")
    don.write(data, move = False,align='left', font=('Arial', 16, 'normal'));
    don.penup()

def draw_watchface():
    don.penup()
    for x in range(0,360,30):
        don.home()
        don.color("black")
        don.right(x)
        don.forward(150)
        don.pendown();
        don.forward(20)
        don.penup()
        
    for x in range(0,360,6):
        don.home()
        don.color("black")
        don.width(1)
        don.right(x)
        don.forward(150)
        don.pendown();
        don.forward(10)
        don.penup()
    don.penup()
    
def draw_frame(hou,minu,sec):
    don.goto(-200,200);
    don.pendown()
    draw_square(-200,200,400)
    draw_watchface()
    don.color("blue")
    draw_hand(140,sec*6)  #seconds
    don.color("red");
    don.width(3)
    draw_hand(140,minu*6)  #minutes
    don.color("green");
    don.width(10)
    draw_hand(140,hou*6*5)  #hours
    don.width(2)
    don.penup()
    don.goto(-220,-230);
    don.pendown()
    don.write("exasub.com", move = False,align='left', font=('Arial', 16, 'normal'));
    don.penup()
    print_time(hou,minu,sec)
    #print(str(hou)+" : "+str(minu)+" : "+str(sec))

def draw_time():
    while(1):
        t = datetime.today()
        sekunde = t.second 
        minuten = t.minute 
        houren = t.hour
        
        don.clear()
        draw_frame(houren,minuten,sekunde);
        screen1.update()

    
if __name__ == "__main__":
    draw_time()
    turtle.done()
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How to make simple graphics in Turtle Graphics – 2

Python Code

from turtle import * 

def frame():
    #setup (width=200, height=200, startx=0, starty=0)
    setup(500,500,0,0);
    screensize(canvwidth = 480, canvheight = 480, bg = "cyan")

def box1(size, angle):
    penup()
    goto(-(size/2),(size/2))
    pendown()
    forward(size)
    right(angle)
    forward(size)
    right(angle)
    forward(size)
    right(angle)
    forward(size)
    penup()

def text():
    goto(-230,-230)
    pendown()
    #turtle.write(arg, move=False, align='left', font=('Arial', 8, 'normal'))
    write("exasub.com", False, align="left", font = ('Arial', 16, 'normal'))
    
if __name__ == "__main__":
    frame();
    box1(400,90);
    text();
    mainloop()

Python Code

from turtle import * 

def frame():
    #setup (width=200, height=200, startx=0, starty=0)
    setup(500,500,0,0);
    screensize(canvwidth = 480, canvheight = 480, bg = "cyan")

def box1(size, angle):
    penup()
    goto(-(size/2),(size/2))
    pendown()
    forward(size)
    right(angle)
    forward(size)
    right(angle)
    forward(size)
    right(angle)
    forward(size)
    penup()

def text():
    goto(-230,-230)
    pendown()
    #turtle.write(arg, move=False, align='left', font=('Arial', 8, 'normal'))
    write("exasub.com", False, align="left", font = ('Arial', 16, 'normal'))
    penup()

def drawCircle():
    # Draw a circle in Anticlockwise direction
    goto(0,0)
    pendown()
    color("red")
    begin_fill()    # Start Filling the semi-circle
    circle(100,-180,40); # circle(radius, angle, steps)
    end_fill()      # Stop Filling the semi-circle
    penup()
    #Draw a circle in Clockwise Direction
    goto(0,0)
    pendown()
    color("green")
    begin_fill()
    circle(100,360,40)
    end_fill()
    penup()

def drawTriangle():
    home()
    pendown()
    color("grey")
    begin_fill()
    circle(50, 360, 3)
    end_fill()
    penup()

    
if __name__ == "__main__":
    frame();
    box1(400,90);
    text();
    drawCircle();
    drawTriangle()
    #drawCircle();
    mainloop()
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Python Turtle Graphics Introduction – 1

Turtle is a simple, easy and fun way to learn graphical programming.

It contains very simple commands. By combining together these and similar commands, intricate shapes and pictures can easily be drawn.

You can create simple drawings using the turtle module.

You can also create simple animations.

If you want to learn about the nitty-gritty of Turtle you can read their documentation.
https://docs.python.org/3/library/turtle.html#introduction

You do not have to install anything apart from the python programming language.

You can download the python programming language from
https://www.python.org/downloads/

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Python – Basic Mathematical Programs

How to perform addition.

# Addend + Addend = Sum
a = 19
b = 15

sum = a + b

print("Total Sum of a and b =",sum)

How to perform subtraction

#Minuend - Subtrahend = Difference

Minuend = 22
Subtrahend = 140

Difference = Minuend - Subtrahend

print("The Difference equals to ",Difference)

How to perform multiplication

# Multiplicand X multiplier = product

Multiplicand = 56
Multiplier = 12

Product = Multiplicand * Multiplier

print("The product of the Multiplicand and mulitplier is ",Product)

How to perform division

# Dividend / Divisor = Quotient (Remainder)

Dividend = 18
Divisor = 5

Quotient = Dividend / Divisor

print("The quotient + reminder = ",Quotient)

How to perform if-else operations

# If-else Python

a = 1
b = 1

if (a < b):
    print("A is Lesser than B")
elif (a ==b):
    print("A is equal to B")
else:
    print("A is Greater than B")

How to perform a while loop operation

# While Loop
# Using While Loop to perform multiplication using Addition

A = 13131313

sum = 0;
counter = 1

while (counter < 11):
    sum = A + sum
    print(A," x ",counter," = ",sum)
    counter = 1 + counter